declining more than 30% in 10 years or three generations). 1994), but the species are not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. Global population trends have not been quantified there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al.
The global population size has not been quantified, but it is believed to be large, as the species is described as ‘frequent’ in at least parts of its range (del Hoyo et al. These species, widely distributed on the Himalaya, have a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000–1,000,000 km² (IUCN/SSC 2008). Our study is focused on three high-altitude Galliformes species: Himalayan monal Lophophorus impejanus, blood pheasant Ithaginis cruentus, and Tibetan snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus. 1998), and this study contributes to increase the knowledge of an important area for bird conservation. The Sagarmatha National Park is listed as an Endemic Bird Area (Stattersfield et al. 1981) and some of them are focused mainly on forest species (Kaul & Shakya 2001). In particular, on the Himalayas just a few studies have described the abundance and distribution of phasianids (Gaston 1980 Gaston & Singh 1980 Gaston et al. Maybe due to comprehensible logistic difficulties, the study of high altitude species requires hard and difficult field work. The park hosts a rich avifauna (Inskipp 1989 Laiolo 2004), but the population size and dynamic of bird species are poorly studied.
Everest) National Park, Solu-Khumbu district, north-east Nepal encompasses the upper catchment of the Dudh Kosi river system and includes several mountains amongst the highest in the world (Everest, Lhotse, Cho-oyu: all over 8000 m), but also valleys which run down to less than 3000 m. The local communities inside the park have permanent settlements up to 5000 m. In recent years, the demographic growth and the development of tourism in the area have induced environmental modifications affecting wildlife distribution (Buffa et al. The major environmental problem is the loss of natural habitats, due to increasing human activities. The inner valleys are dryer than the outer valleys influenced by the monsoons, and the combination with altitude gradients creates a unique array of habitats. The upper Khumbu Himal is a region with natural features of great interest, being characterized by strong climatic contrasts due to the great elevation of the mountains.
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